During Georgia’s westward expansion, the state capital underwent several relocations to align with the shifting population and development. These moves were influenced by the desire to have the capital centrally located as settlers pushed westward. The sequence of capitals during this period is often remembered by the acronym S.A.L.M.A.:
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Savannah: Established as Georgia’s first capital in 1733, Savannah served as the colonial and later state capital. However, during the American Revolutionary War, British occupation prompted the relocation of the capital.
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Augusta: In response to British threats, the capital moved to Augusta in 1778. The city remained the seat of government until 1786, but as the state’s population expanded westward, Augusta’s eastern location became less practical.
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Louisville: To better serve the growing western populace, Louisville was designated the capital in 1796. Named in honor of King Louis XVI of France for his support during the Revolutionary War, Louisville’s central location was intended to be more accessible. Despite this, issues such as malaria outbreaks and the desire for more western expansion led to another relocation.
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Milledgeville: In 1807, Milledgeville became the capital, reflecting the state’s continued westward growth. Serving as the political center for 60 years, Milledgeville witnessed significant events, including Georgia’s secession from the Union in 1861. The city remained the capital throughout the Civil War but was eventually replaced due to post-war reconstruction and shifting demographics.
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Atlanta: Post-Civil War reconstruction and the expansion of the railroad network positioned Atlanta as a burgeoning economic hub. Recognizing its strategic importance, the capital was moved to Atlanta in 1868, where it remains today.
These relocations underscore Georgia’s dynamic growth and the state’s efforts to position its capital in locations that best served its evolving population and economic centers.
FAQ
1. Why did Georgia move its capital from Savannah to Augusta?
The relocation from Savannah to Augusta in 1778 was primarily due to British military threats during the American Revolutionary War, necessitating a safer and more secure seat of government.
2. What factors influenced the move from Louisville to Milledgeville?
Louisville faced challenges such as annual malaria outbreaks and difficulties with river navigation. Additionally, as Georgia’s population continued to move westward, a more centrally located capital was desired, leading to the selection of Milledgeville in 1807.
3. How did Atlanta become Georgia’s capital?
After the Civil War, Atlanta’s strategic location as a transportation and economic hub, bolstered by its railroad connections, made it an ideal choice. In 1868, during Reconstruction, the capital was moved to Atlanta to reflect the state’s shifting demographics and economic focus.
4. What is the significance of the acronym S.A.L.M.A. in Georgia’s history?
S.A.L.M.A. stands for Savannah, Augusta, Louisville, Milledgeville, and Atlanta—the sequence of cities that have served as Georgia’s capitals, highlighting the state’s westward expansion and development.
5. Were there other temporary capitals during Georgia’s history?
Yes, during periods of conflict and transition, such as the Revolutionary War and Civil War, the state legislature convened in various locations, including Macon, to ensure governmental continuity.
